Response to COVID-19 in Bengal: A Citizens Perception Survey

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  • Published in: CASC
  • 4th May, 2021
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The Eastern State of West Bengal is seeing the highest surge of COVID-19 cases in India at present with the onset of the deadly second wave of the virus. Recent news bulletin has uncovered that every second person in Kolkata is testing positive (Times of India). With covid cases doubling every eighth day in the month of April (India Today), Bengal, at present is seeing a fast-climbing death rate that spiked by about 22 times since the beginning of April. (Economic Times, 2021)

SwitchON Foundation undertook a rapid assessment to understand the current scenario of the case surge and people’s perception of lockdown along with their knowledge on vaccines. Total 804 surveys were undertaken out of which 521 were from rural areas and 283 from urban areas. 

The study revealed 60% of people who responded had a friend or a relative, who has passed away from COVID. From the survey, it was revealed rural respondents saw the better practice of COVID appropriate behavior, willingness to take vaccines, and openness to lockdown. The survey also revealed some ominous findings taking into consideration the current scenario of this unprecedented health chaos that the state has landed into. 

Awareness of COVID-19 vaccines – 

Although several international and national agencies have repeatedly championed the effectiveness of taking COVID-19 vaccines as the only way of staying protected from the contagion spread, the survey uncovered that most people are concerned about their health after taking the first jab of the vaccine. Interestingly, females are more willing to take the vaccines than males and it is the elderly who are most skeptical. The younger generation, on the other hand, is more willing to get vaccinated.

  • A whopping 57% of respondents said that they were concerned about health issues arising after taking the vaccine
  • 30% from the age group of above 50 years were not in favor of taking a vaccine
  • 85% of females are willing to take the vaccine as against 79% of males. 
  • 66% of the people from rural areas are still unaware of the registration process for taking the vaccine. 

Shreya Karmakar of SwitchON Foundation said “For the government to effectively accelerate its vaccination program, it should spread information on the safety of vaccines and also spread awareness on the importance of taking it for the safety of themselves but also of their families and containing the spread of COVID as was seen in the USA and UK.”

Awareness of practicing COVID-19 appropriate behavior – 

COVID-19 appropriate behavior such as wearing a mask or maintaining a 6-feet distance has proved to be the most effective way in limiting the virus spread. Our survey shows that while most respondents know about the covid appropriate behavior, approx 70% reported that it was not being strictly followed and implemented – such as wearing a mask properly or maintaining social distancing.

  • 68% of respondents said that they have noticed more than a quarter population around them don’t wear masks properly.
  • 66% of people in urban areas and 77% in rural areas responded that they do not see 6 feet social distancing norms being followed while traveling or in market places. 
  • About 81% of people in rural areas see more than half of the population around them wearing a mask as against 64% in urban areas.
  • Only 7% of people owned N-95 masks, while N-95 masks are considered to be the most effective masks in containing the virus spread from respiratory droplets.

Taking early action in helping the State land into major health chaos, SwitchON Foundation Team re-launched Project Karuna which had actively organized awareness drives, isolation wards and helped the State administration in dealing with rising COVID-19 cases in the very first wave of the virus. It is a multi-stakeholder initiative by a group of Doers & Makers, who are working very closely with a group of Doctors, Governments, Administration, and Police – as a citizen’s response to COVID-19. 

Awareness on Importance of lockdown in the State –

Given the current rate of a surge in cases, although a lockdown must be the most drastic step that the Government can take, however it will surely come at the cost of a huge economic loss. Interestingly, more rural people were in favor of a lockdown than urban people 69% of rural communities are in favor of a lockdown as compared to only 63% in favor of lockdown in urban communities. Even though the virus is fast spreading in urban areas and the first lockdown was most difficult for migrant communities who belong to rural communities.

  • While 69% of people in rural areas responded in favor of a lockdown only 63% of people in urban areas in the state were in favor of lockdown.
  • 75% of the people were in favor of a lockdown which is 2 weeks or less.

Pial Bannerjee of SwitchON Foundation says “All citizens along with our local administration should ensure COVID-19 safe protocols are implemented among the people as we should now evolve as the virus is evolving and brace ourselves as the situation may worsen anytime”

Conclusions and Recommendations:  

The present surge in cases of COVID-19 has presented before us an unprecedented health crisis that has compromised the State’s health infrastructure like never before. As the State machinery gears up to accelerate its vaccination program and help people better tackle the virus spread within the State, it is important to take into consideration the fact that the COVID-19 appropriate behavior is the key to stay protected as the situation of uncertainty and despair looms large. Certain key recommendations that we wish to provide from our study findings are: 

Popularise the use of Co-WIN and clear misconceptions on vaccines: Vaccination programs should be immediately accelerated. Any misconception or fear against taking the vaccine should be effectively addressed by conducting awareness drives at local levels. This also means that the State immediately dispose of all necessary logistics for timely availability of vaccines as the program opens to cover more age groups now. 

  • Strict implementation of COVID-19 appropriate behavior: Local authorities must ensure COVID-19 appropriate behavior (like social distancing, wearing masks, etc) is strictly implemented across all places. Strict fines and penalties should be imposed. 
  • Proper guidelines on treating mild cases at home: In case of mild symptoms, isolation and home care have proved to be effective in defeating the virus and awareness must be spread on how to treat covid at home and properly isolate so that others at home and surrounding don’t get affected.
  • Accelerate testing: RT-PCR tests in Bengal are one of the lowest in the country as per population and more as early detection will help in saving lives. At a little over 55000 samples tested per 1 million population per day, the testing rate in Bengal remains far below the national average in spite of being the fourth most populated state in India. 
  • Setup more isolation wards- Break the chain: As the situation worsens, Bengal needs more isolation centers. Local authorities should join hands with several private housing establishments and voluntary organizations in setting up isolation centers and safe homes across the State which are connected to hospitals (only more mild cases). 
  • Depute medical students to duty: The current crashing scenario of the State requires more human resources to better tackle the huge inflow of patients in hospitals and isolation centers. At this moment, it would be a good idea to depute some experienced young medical students to duty under the supervision of a doctor. 
  • Collective task force for covid: Several active citizen groups and civil society organizations have already voluntarily started to collate information on covid resources (such as bed availability, oxygen cylinders, COVID drugs, etc.). It would be a good idea to digitally collective them and integrate them into one COVID response task force group so that organizations do not duplicate efforts and false information doesn’t surface.
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